What are the complications of long-term bedridden patients? How to prevent these complications?

　　Older patients who are bedridden will have many complications, which requires the nursing staff to have more professional nursing knowledge to prevent these complications.

　　1: Prevent infection. Pulmonary infection is the first prevention, because the blood of patients who are in bed for a long time is difficult to circulate normally, and the body's immunity is low. No matter what the patient is causing bed rest, no matter how old, it is easy to cause lung infection. Among them, elderly patients have a higher probability of developing lung infections.

　　How to prevent lung infection in patients with long-term bed rest? The main reason here is that the nursing staff often turns over the patient and takes the back, so as to facilitate the discharge of the sputum. In the diet, the patient's nutrition is also guaranteed to increase the patient's resistance. If the cough is not easy, you can also use some phlegm drugs and aerosol inhalation according to the actual situation of the patient. The other is to keep the patient's bedroom air fresh, the temperature is appropriate, and regular ventilation every day.

　　Another infection to be prevented by long-term bedridden patients is urinary tract infection. Some patients have long-term indwelling catheters, and the patient's body resistance is inherently poor. This situation is prone to urinary tract infections. For the prevention of this infection, you can use the iodophor cotton ball to wipe the patient's perineum twice a day; the urinary catheter should be opened regularly to drain the urine to exercise the patient's bladder sphincter function; drink more water, urinate more, make the urinary system fully "flush" to avoid infection.

　　2: Prevent pressure sores. Pressure sores are caused by long-term compression of the skin of patients in bed, blocked by blood circulation, skin erythema, ulceration and even necrosis caused by continuous ischemia and hypoxia. Some serious necrosis can reach deep muscle layer. The main four points to prevent pressure ulcers are as follows:

　　First: often turn over in bed patients, at least two hours, because under pressure, the human capillaries will change and damage the cells for two hours. When helping the patient turn over, pay attention to the movements should be gentle, can not pull hard to avoid scratching the patient's skin.

　　Second: In the daily care process, it is necessary to observe the skin condition of the patient from time to time. If there is any abnormality, it should be treated in time. If the skin is under pressure for a long time but has not yet broken, you can put some safflower oil in the palm of your hand to massage the pressed part in a certain order or direction, several times a day, to promote blood circulation.

　　Third: the patient's clothing and bed sheets should be replaced frequently, and the bacteria will multiply rapidly for a long time, making it easier for the skin to become infected. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the sheets clean, flat and dry. When the patient has incontinence, the contaminated sheets and bedding should be replaced in time to avoid the patient being stimulated by moisture.

　　In addition, many families now purchase an electric anti-pressure sore cushion for long-term bedridden patients, using the wave principle to keep the patient's body in motion, without the need for manpower, effectively preventing the production of pressure sores.

　　3: Prevention of venous thrombosis. Long-term bedridden patients have poor blood circulation, so it is very likely that lower extremity venous thrombosis will occur. This symptom can cause swelling, pain, etc. in the affected limb of the patient. Usually, the patient should be allowed to exercise more in the lower limbs. If they are unable to exercise on their own, they should be helped by their family members or nursing staff.

　　4: Prevent joint contracture. Bedridden patients do not exercise for a long time, which is prone to joint contracture. If you have a certain ability to exercise, you should always move your limbs. If you don't have exercise ability at all, you can carry out limb activities with the help of family members and nursing staff. Exercise your limbs, promote blood circulation, and insist on doing functional exercises such as flexing, stretching, rotating, lifting off the bed every day, but pay attention to the gradual progress, gentle and soothing movements, to avoid excessive joint movement.

　　5: Prevent muscle atrophy. As the joints are stiff and contracted, the muscles will develop weakness and disuse atrophy. The precautionary measure is that the patient, with the help of others, activates the limbs, performs stretching exercises of the muscles, and rhythmically contracts and relaxes the muscles.